Publications
Books and Monographs:
Ofshe, Richard, with Lynne Ofshe. 1970. Utility and Choice in Social
Interaction. Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey: Prentice-Hall. Reprinted
by Irvington Publishers, New York.
____, (ed.). 1970. The Sociology of the Possible.
Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey: Prentice-Hall.
____, (ed.). 1977. The Sociology of the Possible, 2nd Edition.
Englewood Cliffs New Jersey: Prentice-Hall.
____, (ed.). 1973. Interpersonal Behavior in Small Groups. Englewood
Cliffs, New Jersey: Prentice-Hall.
____, with David Mitchell and Cathy Mitchell. 1980. The
Light on Synanon. New York: Seaview Press.
____, with Ethan Watters. 1994. Making Monsters: False
Memories, Psychotherapy and Sexual Hysteria, New York: Charles Scribner's.
________. 1995. Making Monsters: False Memories, Psychotherapy and
Sexual Hysteria, London: Andre Deutsch (with a new introduction to the
British Edition)
________. 1996. Making Monsters: False Memories, Psychotherapy and
Sexual Hysteria, Munich: DTV (German language translation)
________. 1996. Making Monsters: False Memories, Psychotherapy and
Sexual Hysteria, Berkeley, University of California Press.
_____, with Ethan Watters. 1999. Therapy's Delusions, New York: Charles
Scribner's.
Articles:
Ofshe, Richard, with Ronald Anderson. 1968. “Testing a Measurement
Model.” Chapter 9 in Sociological Methodology: 1969, E. Borgatta (ed.),
San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.
____, with Norman Goodman. 1968. “Empathy, Communication Efficiency,
and Marital Status.” Journal of Marriage and Family, Vol. 30, No. 4,
November.
Reprinted in Social Psychology and Everyday Life. B. Franklin and F.
Kohout (eds.), New York: David McKay, 1973.
____, with Arthur Stinchcombe. 1969. “On Journal Editing as a Probabilistic
Process.” American Sociologist, Vol. 4, No. 2, May.
____, with Lynne Ofshe. 1969. “Social Choice and Utility in Coalition
Formation.” Sociometry, Vol. 32, No. 3, September.
____. 1970. “Cognitive Consistency and Language Behavior.” Human Relations,
Vol. 23, No. 2, April.
Reprinted in Interpersonal Behavior in Small Groups, R. Ofshe (ed.),
Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey: Prentice-Hall, 1973.
____, with Lynne Ofshe. 1970. “Choice Behavior in Coalition Games.”
Behavioral Science, Vol. 15, No. 4, July, 1970. Reprinted in Bobbs-Merrill
Reprint Series in Sociology, Indianapolis: Bobbs-Merrill, 1973.
Reprinted in Interpersonal Behavior in Small Groups, R. Ofshe (ed.),
Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey: Prentice-Hall, 1973.
____, with Hamit Fisek. 1970. “The Process of Status Evolution,” Sociometry,
Vol. 33, No. 3, September.
Reprinted in Interpersonal Behavior in Small Groups, R. Ofshe (ed.),
Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey: Prentice-Hall, 1973.
____, with Lynne Ofshe. 1970. “A Comparative Study of Two Scaling Models:
Paired Comparisons and Scalogram Analysis.” Sociometry, Vol. 33, No.
4, December.
____. 1971. “The Effectiveness of Pacifist Strategies: A Theoretical
Approach.” Journal of Conflict Resolution, Vol. 15, No. 2, June. Reprinted
in Interpersonal Behavior in Small Groups, R. Ofshe (ed.), Englewood
Cliffs, New Jersey: Prentice-Hall, 1973.
____, with Lynne Ofshe. 1971. “A Utility Theory for the Behavior of
Three Person Interaction Systems.” in Social Choice, B. Lieberman (ed.),
New York: Gordon and Breach.
____, 1972. “Reference and Conflict and Behavior,” Sociological Theories
in Progress, Vol. II, J. Berger, M. Zelditch and B. Anderson (eds.),
Boston: Houghton Mifflin.
____, with Lynne Roberts. 1972. “A Utility Based Theory of Decision
Making.” Contributions to Experimental Economics, Vol. III, H. Sauermann
(ed.), Tubingen, West Germany: J.C.B. Mohr.
____, et al. 1974. “Social Structure and Social Control in Synanon.”
Journal of Voluntary Action Research. Vol. 3, No. 3.
____, with Claude Fischer and Mark Baldassare. 1975. “Crowding Studies
and Urban Life: A Critical Review.” Journal of the American Institute
of Planners, Vol. 41, No. 6, November.
____. “Synanon: The People Business.” C. Glock and R. Bellah (eds.),
The New Religious Consciousness, University of California Press.
____, with David V. and Cathy Mitchell. 1978/1979. As Editorial Consultant
and Researcher with the Point Reyes Light newspaper, I contributed to
the production of over 120 stories and editorials on the Synanon Foundation,
Inc.
____. 1980. “The Social Development of the Synanon Cult: The Managerial
Strategy of Organizational Transformation.” Sociological Analysis, Vol.
41, 2.
____, with Margaret Lee. 1981. “The Impact of Behavioral Style and
Status Characteristics on Influence: A Test of Two Competing Models.”
Social Psychology Quarterly, Vol. 44, No. 2, June.
____, with Margaret Lee. 1981. “Reply to Greenstein.” Social Psychology
Quarterly, Vol. 44, No. 4, December.
Ofshe, Richard, with Margaret Lee. 1983. “What Are We to Make of All
This?” Social Psychology Quarterly, Vol. 46, No. l, March.
____, with Kenneth Christman. 1986. “A Two-Process Theory of Social
Behavior.” Rationality and Collective Belief,
A. Harris (ed.), New York: Ablex.
____, with Margaret Singer. 1986. “Attacks on Peripheral versus Central
Elements of Self and the Impact of Thought Reforming Techniques: Review
and Theoretical Analysis.” Cultic Studies Journal, Vol. 3, No. 1. Reprinted
in Tort and Religion, Chicago: American Bar Association, 1989.
____. 1989. “The Rabbi and the Sex Cult.” Cultic Studies Journal, Vol.
3, No. 2.
____. 1989. “Coerced Confessions: The Logic of Seemingly Irrational
Action.” Cultic Studies Journal, Vol. 6, No. 1.
____, with Margaret Singer. 1990. “Thought Reform Programs and the
Production of Psychiatric Casualties.” Psychiatric Annals, Vol. 20,
No. 4, April.
____. 1992. “Coercive Persuasion and Attitude Change.” The Encyclopedia
of Sociology, edited by E. Borgatta and M. Borgatta. New York: Macmillan.
____. 1992. “Inadvertent Hypnosis During Interrogation: False Confession
Due to Dissociative State; Mis-Identified Multiple Personality and the
Satanic Cult Hypothesis.” International Journal of Clinical and Experimental
Hypnosis, Vol. 40, No. 3, July.
____, with Ethan Watters. 1993. “Making Monsters.” Society, Vol. 30,
3, March/April.
____, with Ethan Watters. 1993. “More on Making Monsters, Authors Reply.”
Society, Vol. 31, No. 1, November/December.
____, with Suzanne Johnson. 1994. “Religious Cults.” Academic American
Encyclopedia, Danbury, Connecticut: Grollier.
____. 1994. “Making Grossly Damaging but Avoidable Errors: The Pitfalls
of the Olio/Cornell Thesis.” Journal of Child Sexual Abuse, 3, 3.
____, with Margaret Singer. 1994. “Recovered Memory Therapy and Robust
Repression: Influence and Pseudomemories.” International Journal of
Clinical and Experimental Hypnosis, 62, 4, October.
____, 1995. “Ian Hacking's Leaning Tower: Foundations for the Architecture
of Analysis,” Metascience, June.
____, with Ethan Watters. 1995. “Beware Americans Bearing Gifts: Introduction
to the British Edition of Making Monsters.” In Richard Ofshe and Ethan
Watters, Making Monsters, False Memories, Psychotherapy and Sexual Hysteria,
London: Andre Deutsch, October.
____, 1995. “I'm Guilty If You Say So,” in Donald Connery (ed.) Convicting
the Innocent, Cambridge, Brookline Press.
____, with Richard Leo. 1997. “The Social Psychology of Police Interrogation:
The Theory and Classification of True and False Confessions.” Studies
in Law, Politics and Society, 16, pp. 189-251.
____, with Richard Leo. 1997. “The Decision to Confess Falsely: Rational
Choice and Irrational Action.” Denver University Law Review. "Symposium:
An Interdisciplinary Examination of Coercion, Exploitation and the Law.
74, 4, pp. 979-1122.
____, with Richard Leo. 1997. “Missing the Forest for the Trees: A
Response to Paul Cassell's `Balanced Approach' to the False Confession
Problem." University of Denver Law Review." Symposium: An
Interdisciplinary Examination of Coercion, Exploitation and the Law.
74, 4, pp. 1135-1144.
____, with Richard Leo. 1998. “The Consequences of False Confessions:
Deprivations of Liberty and Miscarriages of Justice in the Age of Psychological
Interrogation." Journal of Criminal Law and Criminology, Northwestern
University, School of Law. 88, 2, pp. 429-496.
____, with Richard Leo. 1998. “Using the Innocent to Scapegoat Miranda:
Another Reply to Paul Cassell." Journal of Criminology and Criminal
Law. Northwestern University, School of Law. 88, 2, pp. 557-578.
____. 2000. "Extreme Influence -- Thought Reform, High Control
Groups, Interrogation and Recovered Memory Therapy." The Encyclopedia
of Sociology 2nd Edition, edited by E. Borgatta and M. Borgatta. New
York: Macmillan.
____ with Richard Leo. 2001. “The Truth About False Confessions.” Criminal
Law Bulletin. 37,4, pp.291-370.
Presented at Meetings of Scientific Associations:
Ofshe, Richard. 1964. "Effect of Interaction in Interpersonal
Communication." American Sociological Association, Montreal, Canada,
September.
____, with Norman Goodman. 1965. "Cognitive Consistency and the
A-B-X Model." Pacific Sociological Association, Salt lake City,
April.
____. 1965. "On the Strategy of Laboratory Simulation." The
West Coast Small Groups Conference, Salt lake City, April.
____. 1968. “A Laboratory Method for the Measurement of Identification."
American Sociological Association, Boston, September.
____, with Lynne Ofshe. 1969. “A Utility Based Theory of Decision Making."
American Sociological Association, Chicago, September.
____, with Lynne Ofshe, 1970. “A Comparative Study of Two Scaling Models:
Paired Comparisons and Scalogram Analysis." American Sociological
Association, San Francisco, September.
____, with M. Hamit Fisek. 1970. “The Process of Status Evolution."
American Sociological Association, San Francisco, September.
____, with Lynne Roberts. 1971. “A Utility Based Theory of Decision
Making." Schonberg International Conference on Experimental Economics,
Frankfort, West Germany, September.
____. 1971. “The Effectiveness of Pacifist Strategies: A Theoretical
Approach." American Sociological Association, New York, September.
____, et al. 1972. “A Model for the Structure of Cognitions of Racial
Differences and Evaluations to Planned Social Change.” Russell Sage
Foundation Conference on Social Indicator Models, New York, July.
____, et al. 1974 “Social Indicators of Racial Perspectives.” American
Sociological Association, Chicago, September.
____. 1979. “The Evolution of the Synanon Cult.” Religion and Political
Movements section of the Association for the Study of Religion meetings,
Washington, August.
____. 1979. “Some Problems of Doing Controversial Research.” American
Sociological Association, Washington, D.C., August.
____. 1980. “Shifts in Opportunities and Accountability and the Regulation
of Religious Organizations.” Association for the Study of Religion,
New York, August.
____. 1980. “Status Characteristics and Expectation States - A Critical
Review.” Thematic Session on Expectation States Research, American Sociological
Association, New York, September.
____. 1981. “Theories of Coercive Social Control.” Conference on Conversion,
Coercion and Commitment in New Religious Movements, Center for the Study
of New Religions, Berkeley, June.
____, with Kenneth Christman and Robert Saltz. 1981. “Obedience to
Authority: Re-analysis and Explanation.” American Sociological Association
meetings, Toronto, Canada, August.
____. 1981. “The Construction of Behavior Through Out-of-Awareness
Influence: An Alternative to Brainwashing Theories.” American Psychological
Association, Los Angeles, August.
____. 1981. “Thought Reform and the Appearance of Mental Illness.”
American Psychological Association, Los Angeles, September.
____. 1982. “Group Pressure Tactics in Conversion to Terrorism,” American
Psychiatric Association, Toronto, Canada, May.
____. 1984. “Problems of Doing Research on Controversial Subjects,”
American Sociological Association, San Antonio, August.
____. 1985. “The Rabbi and The Sex Cult,” American Sociological Association,
Washington, D.C., August.
____. 1987. “Regulation of Cult Organizations and Prosecution of Cult-generated
Crimes,” presented at the First International Congress on Sects and
Society, Barcelona, Spain, November.
____. 1988. “Coerced Confessions: Case Studies in The Tactics of Persuasion.”
American Sociological Association, Atlanta, August.
____. 1988. “Thought Reforming Interrogations in America,” The Society
for the Study of Social Influence, Los Angeles, November.
____. 1989. “Police Brainwashing in America,” Pacific Sociological
Association, Las Vegas, April.
Presented at Meetings of Scientific Associations: (continued)
____, 1991. “The Dynamics of Violence Generating Cults,” The Society
for Cross Cultural Research, San Juan, Puerto Rico, February.
____, 1991. “Thought Reform - Lurid Fantasy versus Interesting Reality,”
Western Psychological Association, San Francisco, April.
____, with Richard Leo. 1991. “The Social Psychology of Coerced Internalized
False Confessions,” American Sociological Association, Cincinnati, August.
____. 1993. “Making Monsters - Recovered Memories: Who is Victimizing
Who,” STAR, San Juan, Puerto Rico, March.
____. 1993. “Making Monsters: The New Dr. Frankenstein,” TREAT IV Conference,
Santa Fe, April.
____. 1993. “Making Monsters: An American Tragedy.” Conference on Memory
and Reality: An Emerging Crisis, False Memory Syndrome Foundation, Philadelphia,
April.
____. 1993. “Analyzing The Social Structure of Cults and Crisis Decision
Making.” American Psychiatric Association, San Francisco, May.
____. 1993. “Making Monsters: The Coming Crisis in Psychiatry.” American
Psychiatric Association, San Francisco, May.
____. 1993. “Making Monsters: The Recovered Memory Therapy Crisis,”
International Academy of Sex Research, Pacific Grove, California, June.
____. 1994. “The Creation of Illusory Belief,” Claremont Conference
on Applied Cognitive Psychology: Suggestibility and the Veracity of
Memory, Claremont, March.
____. 1994. “Psychology's Phlogiston -- Robust Repression and Misused
Influence: The Recovered Memory Crisis.” Invited keynote address, Wisconsin
State Psychological Association, Milwaukee, April.
____. 1994. “The Social Psychology of the Substitution of Belief for
Memory, 1994 CSICOP Conference, The Psychology of Belief, Seattle, June.
____. 1994. “The Social Psychology of the Creation of Pseudomemories.”
Conference on “Psychological Issues in Child Sexual Abuse Investigations,”
Tromso University, Tromso, Norway, August.
____. 1994. “Influence in Psychotherapy: The Big Picture.” Johns Hopkins
Medical Institution conference on Memory and Reality: Reconciliation.
Scientific and Legal Issues of False Memory Syndrome. Baltimore, Maryland.
December.
____. 1997. “Investigating and Analyzing Cult Cases,” presentation
to the Third Annual National Legal Seminar on Cult Litigation, Pittsburgh,
September.
____. 1997. “The Consequences of False Confessions: Deprivations of
Liberty and Miscarriages of Justice in the Age of Psychological Interrogation,”
Law and Society Association, St. Louis, Missouri, May.
____. 1999. “Mental Illness, Interrogation and False Confession,” American
Academy of Forensic Sciences, Orlando, Florida, February.
____. 2000. “The Decision to Confess Falsely: Measuring Coercive Threats
in Interrogation.” American Psychological Association, Division 41,
Law and Human Behavior Conference, New Orleans, March.
____ with Richard Leo. 2004 “Psychological Coercion and Unreliable
Confessions.” American Society of Criminology, Nashville, Tenn. November.